Accuracy can be affected by variations in the input voltage, loading conditions, operating temperature, and various other environmental factors. Once the requirements of the power module have been defined correctly, its overall accuracy needs to be assessed. A typical example is the UL/IEC/EN 61010 standard for analytical instruments. Selecting a pre-approved module to the relevant standards eases design-in and saves time and money. Last but not least are the required agency approvals for the end equipment. So too, are space constraints generally, the focus on equipment, from handheld devices to benchtop test & measurement instruments, is to make them as small as possible or pack more functionality in the same space. For example, designers must pay attention to elevated operating temperatures or moisture levels if the end application is in equipment destined for installation in the tropics. There are also environmental conditions to consider. Also, knowing what signals are available to control and monitor the module so that it operates correctly and safely enhances the end application. A typical photomultiplier tube, for instance, may require 1200Vdc at a few micro-Amps of current. In most cases, the load and loading conditions are complex but, once known, help define the basic parameters of the module, such as voltage, current, and polarity. The input voltage and its accuracy define the module’s necessary line regulation and protection requirements. Therefore, the first step is to understand the input and output conditions in the application. Depending on the application, this covers all the significant parameters of the module. When looking for a high-voltage power module, a critical starting point in the design-in process is to define its requirements accurately. The most important criterium is to define the requirements of the power module correctly, then consider the converter’s accuracy under various conditions, the surrounding circuitry required and where it should be placed relative to the converter, and how to integrate the module into the final design. Over the years, through observations in the field and conversations with design engineers, four challenges regularly present themselves when integrating high-voltage DC-DC power modules into critical, long-term applications. By Hafiz Khalid, Director of Product Marketing at XP Power
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